The Reign of Murad II and the Battle of Varna
How was the Battle of Varna (10 November 1444) won? Murad II’s abdication and return, the Crusader army, the Second Battle of Kosovo and the campaigns of the period.
The Reign of Murad II and the Battle of Varna →
Characteristics of Ottoman Art and Architecture
What defines Ottoman art and architecture? Plan types from single-domed to zaviye mosques, Sinan’s classical works, baroque influences, İznik tiles and the Corps of Imperial Architects.
Characteristics of Ottoman Art and Architecture →
Why Was the Battle of Preveza a Historic Victory for the Ottomans?
Why was the Battle of Preveza, fought on 28 September 1538, a historic victory for the Ottomans? The Crusader alliance, the council of war, the course of the battle, the losses and the aftermath.
Why Was the Battle of Preveza a Historic Victory for the Ottomans? →
Who Were the Ottoman Sultans in Order?
Who were the Ottoman sultans in order? The 36 sultans from Osman Bey to Mehmed VI Vahdeddin with their reign dates, those who came to the throne twice and how the rules of succession changed.
Who Were the Ottoman Sultans in Order? →
Why Were the Balkan Wars Such a Major Turning Point for the Ottoman Empire?
Why were the Balkan Wars such a major turning point for the Ottoman Empire? The wars of 1912–1913, the loss of Salonica and Edirne, the Raid on the Sublime Porte, the treaties and the great migration.
Why Were the Balkan Wars Such a Major Turning Point for the Ottoman Empire? →
The Statesman Who First Used the Term Cold War
Who was the statesman who first used the term cold war? Bernard Baruch’s 1947 speech, Orwell’s 1945 article, the confusion with Churchill’s iron curtain and Walter Lippmann’s role.
The Statesman Who First Used the Term Cold War →
Famous Geographers
Who are the famous geographers of history? Ptolemy, Strabo, al-Idrisi, Ibn Battuta, Piri Reis, Evliya Çelebi, Katib Çelebi, Marco Polo and Columbus, with their works and contributions.
Famous Geographers →
The Shatt al-Arab Waterway Dispute
What is the Shatt al-Arab waterway dispute and how did it begin between the Ottomans and Iran? The process from Qasr-e Shirin to the Algiers Agreement and the Iran-Iraq War, with sources.
The Shatt al-Arab Waterway Dispute →
Where Do Christians Go on Pilgrimage?
Where do Christians go on pilgrimage? Jerusalem, Bethlehem and Nazareth, Rome and Santiago de Compostela, Lourdes and Fatima, and the House of the Virgin Mary and the Church of St Peter in Turkey.
Where Do Christians Go on Pilgrimage? →
Osman Bey’s Title: His Laqab Fahreddin and the Title Gazi
What was Osman Bey's title, what did his laqab mean and in which sources does it appear? We examine the founding bey's names through the title gazi and the forms Osmancuk and Atmanes.
Osman Bey’s Title: His Laqab Fahreddin and the Title Gazi →
