The Eastern Front in the Turkish War of Independence
Whom did Ankara fight on the Eastern Front of the Turkish War of Independence? Kâzım Karabekir Pasha’s 1920 offensive, the taking of Kars and Gümrü, and the treaties of Alexandropol, Moscow and Kars.
The Eastern Front in the Turkish War of Independence →
What Did the Ancient Indians Believe the World Resembled?
What did the ancient Indians compare the world to? The elephants and tortoise that carry the world, Mount Meru and the seven continents of the Puranas, and the spherical earth of Indian astronomers.
What Did the Ancient Indians Believe the World Resembled? →
During Which Caliph’s Era Did India First Encounter Islam?
During which caliph’s era did India first encounter Islam? The first naval expedition under Caliph Umar and Muhammad ibn Qasim’s conquest of Sind under the Umayyad caliph al-Walid I.
During Which Caliph’s Era Did India First Encounter Islam? →
Abdul Muttalib ibn Hashim
Abdul Muttalib ibn Hashim was the Prophet Muhammad’s grandfather and a chief of the Quraysh. How did he rediscover Zamzam, what did he tell Abraha during the Event of the Elephant, and how did he protect his grandson?
Abdul Muttalib ibn Hashim →
Who Were Suleiman the Magnificent’s Siblings?
Suleiman the Magnificent’s siblings: the brother and sister who died young in Trabzon, six sisters married to leading pashas, the quarrel of Şah Sultan and Lutfi Pasha, and names often confused with them.
Who Were Suleiman the Magnificent’s Siblings? →
The Uncles of Prophet Muhammad Who Became Muslim
Who were the uncles of Prophet Muhammad who became Muslim? The lives of Hamza and al-Abbas, the disputed case of Abu Talib and the hostility of Abu Lahab.
The Uncles of Prophet Muhammad Who Became Muslim →
Who Were the Janissaries and What Did They Do?
Who were the Janissaries and what did they do? The founding of the corps, the devshirme and the training of novices, the ortas, pay, revolts and the abolition of 1826.
Who Were the Janissaries and What Did They Do? →
Exile and Execution Punishments in the Ottoman Empire
How were exile and execution applied in the Ottoman Empire? Places of exile, kalebentlik, the siyaset punishment, methods of execution and the Tanzimat reforms that limited them.
Exile and Execution Punishments in the Ottoman Empire →
Events That Shook the Ottoman Empire During the Decline Period
Which treaty began the Ottoman decline period, and which ended it? The seven sultans from Mustafa II to Selim III, the wars with Russia, the loss of Crimea, the reform attempts and the debate over the name.
Events That Shook the Ottoman Empire During the Decline Period →
Ottoman Sultans and State Administration: Governance Strategies and Reforms
How did the Ottoman sultans govern the state? Istimalet, succession, the eyalet and timar systems, the divan, the Tanzimat and the Kanun-ı Esasi.
Ottoman Sultans and State Administration: Governance Strategies and Reforms →
